Section 3: Literature sources searched

The following situates the research focus within the context of the wider academic community in the research title field. In particular, it identifies a gap within that literature that the research will attempt to address.


3.1: Definition of Blended Learning: Singh (2001, p.1)

    Also, Valiathan (2002, p.1): Categorizes blended learning into three models: 
             3.1.1: Skill-driven learning,  
             3.1.2: Attitude-driven learning     
             3.1.3: Competency-driven learning,
3.2: How to refocus the organisational cultural: Johnson (1992)


3.3: Learning solutions: Clark (2000)

The distinction between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life)

3.4: Blended Classrooms: are study areas which employ online content and tools as fundamental features of instruction. Thompson (2012) 

3.5  Instructional models used in blended learning programmes.

Empirical research conducted by the Innosight Institute – Staker (2012) –has cultivated the following four overreaching models which accommodate nearly all (instructional models) blended learning programme:

         1.: Rotational model , 2.: Flex model–Staker  

         3.: Self-Blend model,  4.:Enriched Virtual model